Oral Sensorimotor Stimulation
Oral Sensorimotor Stimulation
Evidence reviewed as of before 01-01-2021
Author(s): Hanson, J (BSc) ; Ogourtsova, T. (PhD OT)
Introduction
Navigating oral motor challenges can be difficult for children with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Oral sensorimotor stimulation is a therapy aimed to enhance oral function and comfort. This therapy targets hypersensitivity of oral structures. Structured exercises also enhance jaw movement, facilitating easier chewing and speaking. Moreover, the therapy strengthens oral musculature through tailored exercises, improving muscle strength and endurance for better functional movements. Additionally, it focuses on refining tongue mobility to aid swallowing and articulation. This therapy provides comprehensive support for children with CP facing oral motor challenges, empowering greater independence and functionality in their daily lives. Administered by trained professionals, oral sensorimotor stimulation may be valuable in addressing the complex issues of oral motor dysfunction.
Parent & Family Information
Oral sensorimotor stimulation is utilized to address a range of oral motor challenges in individuals, including hypersensitivity, difficulties with chewing or swallowing, speech articulation issues, and overall oral motor coordination deficits. By implementing structured programs comprising specific oral sensorimotor stimulation activities, therapists aim to achieve goals such as reducing hypersensitivity, improving jaw and tongue movement, reinforcing muscle strength, and enhancing overall oral motor organization. The therapy is tailored to meet the unique needs of each individual, empowering them to achieve greater independence and functionality in daily activities involving oral motor skills.
Yes, oral sensorimotor stimulation encompasses various approaches tailored to address specific oral motor challenges in individuals. These approaches may include exercises targeting specific oral movements, sensory stimulation techniques using specialized tools or toys, and activities designed to improve oral motor coordination and sensory awareness. Therapists customize therapy plans based on the individual’s assessment and goals, incorporating a combination of techniques to address their unique needs effectively.
Oral sensorimotor stimulation has demonstrated effectiveness in improving oral motor function in individuals facing challenges such as hypersensitivity, chewing or swallowing difficulties, and speech articulation issues. While the outcomes may vary depending on individual factors such as severity of challenges and response to therapy, many individuals experience significant improvements in their oral motor skills with consistent and structured therapy sessions.
During oral sensorimotor stimulation sessions, individuals engage in a variety of activities and exercises tailored to target their specific oral motor challenges. These activities may include practicing oral movements, using sensory tools for stimulation, and performing strengthening exercises for oral muscles. Sessions are conducted in a supportive and encouraging environment, with therapists providing guidance and feedback to optimize progress.
Certified physical therapists or occupational therapists with specialized training in oral motor therapy typically provide oral sensorimotor therapy. These professionals have expertise in assessing oral motor function and designing individualized therapy plans to address specific challenges effectively. They work closely with individuals and their families to ensure therapy goals are met and progress is optimized.
Oral sensorimotor stimulation is generally considered safe, with minimal risk of adverse effects. However, individuals may experience minor discomfort or fatigue during therapy sessions, similar to engaging in physical exercises. It’s essential to communicate any concerns with the therapist and monitor the individual’s progress closely to ensure a positive therapy experience.
Determining whether oral sensorimotor stimulation is suitable for your child depends on various factors, including their specific oral motor challenges, therapy goals, and individual preferences. Consulting with healthcare professionals and discussing your child’s needs and concerns can help determine if oral sensorimotor therapy aligns with their unique circumstances and can contribute positively to their oral motor development and overall well-being.
Clinician Information
Infants with spastic quadriplegic CP
GMFCS level IV, V
One fair-quality RCT (Abd-elmonem et al., 2021) investigated the effects of oral sensorimotor simulation on oral motor skills in infants with spastic quadriplegic CP. In this fair-quality RCT, children were randomized to receive oral sensorimotor stimulation + neurodevelopmental training (NDT) or NDT alone. Oral motor skills were assessed using the Oral Motor Assessment Scale at post-treatment (4 months). Significant between-group differences were found, favoring the oral sensorimotor stimulation + NDT vs. NDT alone.
Conclusion: There is limited evidence (Level 2a) from one fair quality RCT that oral sensorimotor simulation + NDT is more effective than NDT alone in improving oral motor skills in children with spastic quadriplegic CP.
One fair-quality double-masked RCT (Abd-elmonem et al., 2021) investigated the effects of oral sensorimotor simulation on trunk control in infants with spastic quadriplegic CP. In this fair-quality RCT, children were randomized to receive oral sensorimotor stimulation + NDT or NDT alone. Segmental trunk control was assessed using the Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control (SATCo) at post-treatment (4 months). No significant between-group differences were found between oral sensorimotor stimulation + NDT vs. NDT alone.
Conclusion: There is limited evidence (Level 2a) from one fair quality RCT that oral sensorimotor simulation + NDT is as effective as NDT alone in improving segmental trunk control in children with spastic quadriplegic CP.
One fair-quality double-masked RCT (Abd-elmonem et al., 2021) investigated the effects of oral sensorimotor simulation on physical growth in infants with spastic quadriplegic CP. In this fair-quality RCT, children were randomized to receive oral sensorimotor stimulation + NDT or NDT alone. Physical weight was assessed using a weight scale at post-treatment (4 months). Significant between-group differences favouring the oral sensorimotor stimulation + NDT vs. NDT alone.
Conclusion: There is limited evidence (Level 2a) from one fair quality RCT that oral sensorimotor simulation + NDT is more effective than NDT alone in improving physical growth in children with spastic quadriplegic CP.
One fair-quality double-masked RCT (Abd-elmonem et al., 2021) investigated the effects of oral sensorimotor simulation on gross motor function in infants with spastic quadriplegic CP. In this fair-quality RCT, children were randomized to receive oral sensorimotor stimulation + NDT or NDT alone. Gross motor function was assessed using the gross motor function measure-88 (GMFM-88) at post-treatment (4 months). No significant between-group differences were found between the oral sensorimotor stimulation + NDT vs. NDT alone.
Conclusion: There is limited evidence (Level 2a) from one fair quality RCT that oral sensorimotor simulation + NDT is as effective as NDT alone in improving gross motor function in children with spastic quadriplegic CP.
References
Abd-Elmonem, A. M., Saad-Eldien, S. S., & El-Nabie, W. a. A. (2021). Effect of oral sensorimotor stimulation on oropharyngeal dysphagia in children with spastic cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 57(6). https://doi.org/10.23736/s1973-9087.21.06802-7
Definitions
A group of lifelong disorders affecting a person’s movement, coordination, and muscle tone and which are the result of damage to the brain before, during, or shortly after birth.
Gross Motor Functional Classification System. It is a tool used to categorize the gross motor skills of children with cerebral palsy into 5 different levels across 5 age bands. It evaluates the child’s abilities in sitting, walking and wheeled mobility as well as the type of assistive devices needed for mobility. The levels are assigned based on the severity of the limitations, ranging from mild (level I) to severe (level V).
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